Mapping Trust Models Across Bitcoin Payment Rails and L2s
A new article maps Bitcoin layer 2 and payment rail designs, including Lightning, Liquid, sBTC, and BitVM bridges, comparing them by who can freeze, censor, or lose the underlying bitcoin.
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Bitcoin beyond holding: payment rails, layer 2s and programmable value
Lightning, Liquid, sBTC, BitVM bridges, wrapped tokens and bitcoin-backed loans each ask a holder to trust someone other than Bitcoin's own rules. This is a sourced, dated account of who that is in each case.